9. Countermarks of later Emperors
This section covers
"TONZOY", " DAK", "laureate", "standing
Minerva",
"Hadrian's
Head", various other countermarks
Some of these countermarks have quite clearly a military context, mostly related to the Eastern campaigns of Rome against their Persian/Parthian Arch Enemy.
Countermarks
with
direct
legionary context are
covered in a separate
section
of the Roman Numismatic Gallery
Local Countermarks of unknown Period
"TONZOY",
a city
in
Thracia, on AE possibly from the Flavian period
Later Emperors
Traianus
"DAK"
for the
imperial
title Dacicus, on a coin of Traian
The countermark "standing
Minerva"
,mostly
on Flavian AEs of Antiochia is
likely of y
similiar
military context, possibly from Traian's period
on
a Vespasian
on
a Domitian
on Otho coin from Antiochia
related countermarks could be these two "male heads" on Domitian (maybe from Hadrian's period ?)
Hadrian
Countermark "laureate" frequent
on Traianus (left) and rarer on a Hadrianus (right) AEs from Antiochia.
This is one of a group of countermarks on Eastern Provincial Coins with
possible links to the legionary administration of the Eastern frontier
towards Persia.
Some types celebrate the visit of the emperor to the East. The
following
examples are for Hadrian visiting the East to prepare the war against
the
Judean uprising in the 130s AD.
Marcus
Aurelius
countermarks of a little circle in the center of the obverse of
sesterti
of Marcus Aurelius are known from Pannonia
Severus
Alexander
sestertius, 3 countermarks of unknown origin, seemingly similiar to
gold weight marks of the 16th century ( 25, 26, 27 known from
flemish-brabant)?
Byzantine Countermarks
Heraclius countermark (Sicilian origin) over full sized follis
of
Anastasius
Sicilian Countermark of Heraklius on reduced follis of
Heraclius