11. Various Countermarks:

Unknown Host Coins & Countermarks

"CAESAR  CAESAR" on Unknown Host Coin

Attribution unknown

" Delta Y"an Eastern Provincial countermark on a cistophorus, seemingly not yet described in the literature ?

 

"Heads of Emperors"

Augustus (?) on unknown coin

 

Head of an Emperor (visiting the Eastern Provinces ?) on unknown host coin

 

Another provincial coin with interesting countermarks (Look them up yourself in the book by Howgego)

 

"TB C" on republican denarius
maybe for Tiberius Caesar ?

 

Countermark Greek Letters "Phi"  plus aramaic letter "T" (?)
on Nero Sestertius. Attribution unknown.

 

Non-Roman Countermarks

This coin from the king Attambelos III from Mesene, a little kingdom in the Tigris region (ca. 70 AD) shows a countermark that could be of roman origin as well (the X would suggest that), but little is known about this series. Traian and his legions reached this kingdom in 116/117 AD and gave it the status of a client kingdom to Rome.

Head and Capricorn on a Greek Hellenistic or Roman Provincial coin

 

Arabic Countermarks

Arabic countermark on Antoninus Pius coin from Antiochia


 

Modern Countermarks
 

A modern countermark on an ancient coin of Traianus

 

Modern Forgeries

"PROB" fake on ancient (?) Claudius sestertius

"TYP" on Claudius As (either a local countermark, or could be a modern forgery according to an expert)

Modern fake "NCAPR", a common fake, several examples below

"NCAPR", on Claudius sestertius. This one is a modern cast fake, as pointed out 1974/75 by Gregory Brunk in his
3 part series, "The Ancient Countermarks", which appeared in the Nov., Dec. 1974 and Jan. 1975 issues of the "Numismatist".
Below 4 more such fakes:


 

A fake "GAL KAI" on Nero coin (cast copy)

Modern fake TI*C*A*   countermarks on ancient barbarous imitation coin of Augustus

more fake TI*C*A* countermarks

A fake vandal  XLII countermark (modern punches)